Effects of Sequential Antimicrobial Phases on Root Canal Microbiome Dynamics in Two-Visit Treatment of Primary Apical Periodontitis: A Longitudinal Experimental Study

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dc.authoridustun, yakup/0000-0002-9290-5661
dc.authoridKucuk, Mustafa Oner/0000-0001-9670-8879
dc.authorid, Bertan/0000-0001-9192-5487
dc.contributor.authorKesim, Bertan
dc.contributor.authorUlger, Seda Tezcan
dc.contributor.authorAslan, Gonul
dc.contributor.authorUstun, Yakup
dc.contributor.authorAvci, Ayse Tugba
dc.contributor.authorKucuk, Mustafa Oner
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-24T17:18:40Z
dc.date.available2025-02-24T17:18:40Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentFakülteler, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Endodonti Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.description.abstractBackground: Effective management of primary apical periodontitis depends on understanding the dynamic interactions within the root canal microbiome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sequential antimicrobial phases on the root canal microbiome during a two-visit treatment approach, with a focus on calcium hydroxide medication. Methods: Samples were collected from three teeth across four treatment phases: initial infection (S1), after chemomechanical preparation (S2), after intracanal medication (S3), and after a final flush (S4). DNA was extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing data were analyzed with QIIME 2, and differentially abundant taxa were identified using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Results: While microbial community composition did not differ significantly between phases, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased after the antimicrobial stages. LEfSe analysis revealed higher abundances of Lactobacillales, Arthrobacter, and Veillonella in the untreated (CMP) group. Bifidobacterium longum was relatively more abundant in the intracanal medication (ICM) phase, and Dorea formicigenerans was more abundant in the final-flush (FF) phase. Conclusions: Although calcium hydroxide treatment did not induce statistically significant changes in overall root canal microbial composition, trends such as a reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a relative increase in Bifidobacterium longum numbers suggest potential ecological shifts. The observed relative increase in Bifidobacterium longum numbers may represent a hypothesis-driven observation reflecting indirect ecological effects rather than direct pH modulation. While visual patterns (e.g., PCA clustering) were observed, they lacked statistical support. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these observations and assess the potential role of beneficial bacteria in root canal treatments.
dc.description.sponsorshipNuh Naci Yazgan University Scientific Research Projects Department; [2022-SA]; [DH.BP/24]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by the Nuh Naci Yazgan University Scientific Research Projects Department (Project number: 2022-SA.DH.BP/24).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/life14121696
dc.identifier.issn2075-1729
dc.identifier.issue12
dc.identifier.pmid39768402
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85213326320
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/life14121696
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14440/772
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001387770800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofLife-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250201
dc.subject16S ribosomal RNA sequencing
dc.subjectcalcium hydroxide
dc.subjectantimicrobial procedures
dc.subjectmicrobiome modulation
dc.subject2-visit root canal treatment
dc.subjectBifidobacterium longum
dc.titleEffects of Sequential Antimicrobial Phases on Root Canal Microbiome Dynamics in Two-Visit Treatment of Primary Apical Periodontitis: A Longitudinal Experimental Study
dc.typeArticle

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