Breathing and Relaxation Exercises Help Improving Fear of COVID-19, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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dc.authoridZeren, Melih/0000-0002-9749-315X
dc.authoridKepenek-Varol, Busra/0000-0001-5488-5316
dc.contributor.authorKepenek-Varol, Büşra
dc.contributor.authorZeren, Melih
dc.contributor.authorDincer, Rukiye
dc.contributor.authorErkaya, Seval
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-24T17:18:58Z
dc.date.available2025-02-24T17:18:58Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentFakülteler, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü
dc.description.abstractObjective: To investigate the effects of breathing and relaxation exercises performed via telerehabilitation on fear, anxiety, sleep quality, and quality of life of individuals without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the ongoing pandemic.Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled single-blind study.Methods: Fifty participants who had not been exposed to the COVID-19 virus earlier were randomly divided into experimental (n = 25) and control groups (n = 25). Both groups received an information session about COVID-19 once at the start of the study via a mobile phone video application. The experimental group also performed a breathing and relaxation exercise program twice daily (morning and evening), 7 days per week, for 4 weeks; one session of the program was conducted under the remote supervision of a physiotherapist as telerehabilitation, and the remaining sessions were performed as a home program. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), which was the primary outcome measure, The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and EQ-5D-3L were administered to both groups.Results: The FCV-19S, HAMA, and PSQI were statistically significantly improved to compare the controls, with a large effect size (eta(2)(p) = 0.135, 0.313, and 0.200, respectively). The EQ-5D-3L index and EQ-5D-3L visual analog scale were not statistically significantly different compared with the controls; however, a small effect size was detected for the differences between the two groups (eta(2)(p) = 0.056 and 0.013, respectively).Conclusion: Breathing and relaxation exercises appear to be an effective and feasible approach to support mental health and sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Especially in highly contagious diseases such as COVID-19, telerehabilitation approaches may be useful for safely reaching individuals by eliminating human-to-human contact.Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04910932.
dc.identifier.doi10.1089/jicm.2021.0381
dc.identifier.endpage586
dc.identifier.issn2768-3605
dc.identifier.issn2768-3613
dc.identifier.issue7
dc.identifier.pmid35467962
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85131556914
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage579
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2021.0381
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14440/945
dc.identifier.volume28
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000791599600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMary Ann Liebert, Inc
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250201
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectbreathing exercises
dc.subjectfear of COVID-19
dc.subjectanxiety
dc.subjectsleep quality
dc.titleBreathing and Relaxation Exercises Help Improving Fear of COVID-19, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial
dc.typeArticle

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