In-vitro Evaluation of Topical Fluoride on the Optical Properties, Surface Texture, and Hardness of Restorative Materials

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dc.contributor.authorDelikan, Ebru
dc.contributor.authorErturk-Avunduk, Ayse Tugba
dc.contributor.authorKarataş, Özcan
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-24T17:19:07Z
dc.date.available2025-02-24T17:19:07Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentNuh Naci Yazgan
dc.description.abstractPurpose: This study aims to evaluate the interactions of fluoride-containing gels and varnishes on the optical properties and surface texture of composite resins, compomers, and bulk-fill composite resins. Thus, it seeks to address the current gap in the literature regarding the effect of fluoride agents on bulk-fill restorative materials. Methods: Using Teflon moulds, 50 specimens of 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were produced for each of the G-ae nial Posterior, FiltekTM One Bulk-Fill and Dyract-XP materials. Baseline color and surface roughnesss measurements of the specimens were performed. The specimens were subjected to the following applications: Study groups (Topex NaF gel, Topex APF gel, ProShield varnish, and MI varnish with RECALDENTTM) and Control group (distilled water). Color and surface roughness measurements were repeated after the application period. The surface microhardness of the specimens (study groups and control group) was measured using Vickers microhardness tester. Statistical analyses, including two-way analyses of variance (comparison of color, whiteness and microhardness parameters) and three-way analyses of variance (comparison of surface roughness parameter), and Pearson's correlation test (the relationship between surface roughness and color change and surface roughness), were applied. Results: The restorative material significantly (p-value<0.001) influenced the color changes (Delta E00), with the FiltekTM One Bulk-Fill/Topex APF gel interaction yielding the highest Delta E00 average value (2.1 +/- 1.15). Materials and fluoride agents exerted significant effects on the Whiteness Index (Delta WID) for Dentistry (pvalue<0.001). Dyract-XP displayed lower initial surface roughness (1.05 +/- 1.38), with all materials exhibiting comparable values after fluoride treatment. Microhardness varied among the materials, with FiltekTM One Bulk-Fill having the highest total value (65.39 +/- 2.67) and G-ae nial Posterior having the lowest total (42.97 +/- 3.32) value. When considering the interaction of restorative materials, fluoride treatment, Topex APF gel-treated G-ae nial Posterior showed the lowest (40.56 +/- 1.78) microhardness, whereas FiltekTM One Bulk-Fill showed the highest (65.06 +/- 1.88) values. Conclusions: Topical fluoride agents induce alterations in the color, roughness, and hardness of restorative materials, depending on the material type, fluoride agent, and duration of application.
dc.identifier.issn0015-4725
dc.identifier.issn2253-4083
dc.identifier.issue9
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85212678801
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14440/1009
dc.identifier.volume57
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001343349700004
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInt Soc Fluoride Research
dc.relation.ispartofFluoride
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250201
dc.subjectAtomic force microscopy
dc.subjectcolor
dc.subjectcomposite resins
dc.subjectcompomers
dc.subjectfluorides
dc.subjecthardness
dc.titleIn-vitro Evaluation of Topical Fluoride on the Optical Properties, Surface Texture, and Hardness of Restorative Materials
dc.typeArticle

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