The effect of five different universal adhesives on the clinical success of class I restorations: 24-month clinical follow-up.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the 24-month clinical performance of universal adhesives on the restoration success of Class I carious lesions. Materials and methods Five different universal adhesives (Gluma Bond Universal (GU), Clearfil Universal (CU), Prime&Bond Elect Universal (PU), All bond Universal (AU), and Single Bond Universal (SU)) were used in the self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes in 42 patients. The study was conducted with 10 groups, with 20 restorations in each group. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and during a 24-month recall using World Dental Federation (FDI) and the US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The changes in the parameters were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results At the end of 24 months, there was no loss of restoration in any group. According to the USPHS, there was no difference in the baseline and 24-month clinical behavior of the restorations (P ˃ 0.05). However, according to the FDI, when adhesives were used in the self-etch mode, three adhesives (GU, SU, PU) showed marginal incompatibility, and one adhesive showed (GU) marginal discoloration between baseline and the 24-month follow-up evaluation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference after 24 months between etch-and-rinse and self-etch groups according to the results based on both the USPHS and FDI criteria (P ˃ 0.05). Conclusions The 24-month clinical performance of the evaluated universal adhesives depends on the adhesive strategy.