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    Assessment of motor development using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale in full-term infants
    (Turkish J Pediatrics, 2020) Kepenek-Varol, Busra; Hosbay, Zeynep; Varol, Selcuk; Torun, Emel
    The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a well-known, norm-referenced scale that evaluates the gross motor development of children from birth to 18 months. The aim of the study was to compare the Canadian norms with the AIMS scores of a Turkish sample of infants, and to investigate whether the current reference values of the AIMS are representative for Turkish full-term infants. The study was conducted with 411 Turkish infants of both sexes (195 girls and 216 boys), born with gestational age 38 weeks and older, weighing >= 2500 g at birth. Motor performance of all the cases at different ages were assessed with the AIMS which was used by a physiotherapist. The mean AIMS scores of Turkish infants were compared with the norm values of the original AIMS established in a Canadian sample of infants. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the AIMS scores of Turkish and Canadian infants during the first 18 months of life except at 0-<1 and 2-<3 months of age. The AIMS scores were significantly lower in Turkish infants than in Canadian infants at 0-<1 (p=0.025) and 2-<3 (p=0.042) months of age. In conclusion, the AIMS can be used in Turkish children to assess gross motor development, especially after 4 months of age. However, this paper was presented as a preliminary study to compare AIMS results between Turkish and Canadian infants, and further studies are needed to realize the Turkish validation of AIMS.
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    CORRELATION BETWEEN FOOTWEAR SUITABILITY, FEAR OF FALLING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER
    (Turkey Assoc Physiotherapists, 2023) Kepenek-Varol, Busra; Odabasi, Didar; Dogan, Birsen Ezgi; Gulener, Gulsum; Selcuk, Aysenur; Yazici-Gulay, Meltem; Aksoy, Huseyin
    Purpose: Pregnancy is a time in which the biomechanics of the body changes due to intense physiological and physical changes, especially in the third trimester, when an increase in falls and a decrease in physical activity may occur. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the suitability of footwear used by pregnant women, fear of falling, and physical activity in third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: One hundred twenty-three pregnant women aged between 18-40 years with a gestational age of 28 weeks and above were included the study. The Footwear Assessment Score was used to assess the suitability of the footwear. The fear of falling of the participants was measured using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International, and the physical activity level was measured using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: A low negative correlation (r=-0.215;p<0.05) was found between physical activity and fear of falling, and a low positive correlation (r=0.256;p<0.01) was found between footwear suitability and physical activity in pregnant women. There was no statistically significant relationship (r= -0.120;p=0.185) between footwear suitability and fear of falling. Conclusion: According to the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that physical activity and a more appropriate choice of shoes based on the level of physical activity may reduce the fear of falling during pregnancy. Future studies are needed to investigate footwear suitability during pregnancy in more detail.
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    Effects of Inspiratory Muscle and Balance Training in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Kepenek-Varol, Busra; Gurses, Hulya Nilgun; Icagasioglu, Dilara Fusun
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle and balance training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (RMS), functional capacity, and balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Thirty children with hemiplegic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System I-II) included in this study. The control group (n = 15) underwent conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation program (CPRP) that included balance exercises, and the training group's (n = 15) program included inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in addition to CPRP for 8 weeks. The outcome measures were pulmonary function test, RMS measurement, the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and balance tests. There were no significant differences in the score changes of pulmonary function, balance, and 6MWT distance between groups (p > .05), whereas maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure further increased in the training group (p > .05). RMS assessment and the identification of children who need it, and adding IMT to CPRP will contribute greatly to the rehabilitative approach of children with CP.
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    Improved dyspnea, fatigue, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, and quality of life after exercise training in post-COVID-19
    (European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2023) Sirayder, Ukbe; Inal-Ince, Deniz; Kepenek-Varol, Busra; Acik, Cihangir
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    Is short-term hand therapy effective in a child with congenital radioulnar synostosis? A case report
    (Hanley & Belfus-Elsevier Inc, 2020) Kepenek-Varol, Busra; Hosbay, Zeynep
    Study Design: Case report. Introduction: Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS) is a rare malformation that causes the restriction of the rotational movements of the forearm, and it is common in congenital elbow anomalies. Purpose of the Study: The aim of this case report was to present the results of physiotherapy in a patient with CRUS who did not undergo surgery. Methods: A 7-year-old male patient with CRUS began outpatient physical therapy. The child underwent a physiotherapy program for a total of 10 weeks in the presence of a physiotherapist, 2 days per week, and with a home schedule at other times. Observational posture assessment, range of motion measurements of the upper extremities, the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, finger and hand grip strength, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were used to evaluate the patient before and after the physiotherapy program. Results: An increase in Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and grip strengths were found; however, there was no change in the range of motion values for our patient. Discussion: This report contains physiotherapy results of a patient with CRUS who did not undergo surgery. Further short- and long-term follow-up studies are needed to demonstrate the effects of physiotherapy on surgical and nonsurgical patients with CRUS. Conclusions: Physiotherapy can be effective in the functional use of the upper extremities in patients with CRUS who do not undergo surgery; long-term follow-up would demonstrate whether functional changes are permanent over time. (C) 2019 Hanley & Belfus, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Long-Term Characteristics of Severe COVID-19: Respiratory Function, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life
    (MDPI, 2022) Sirayder, Ukbe; Inal-Ince, Deniz; Kepenek-Varol, Busra; Acik, Cihangir
    Recovery from pneumonia takes around 3–6 months in individuals with severe COVID-19. In order to detect the isolated damage caused by COVID-19, the 6-month period must pass after the recoveries. However, to our knowledge, no published study analyzes a comprehensive evaluation of individuals with severe COVID-19 after 6 months. We aimed to evaluate long-term consequences of severe COVID patients by comparing respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, fatigue, and balance 6 months after the intensive care unit (ICU) discharge with healthy individuals. Method: 26 post-COVID adult patients and 26 healthy individuals (control group) were included in this study. Physical characteristics of both groups and patients’ ICU data, including APACHE II scores, were recorded. Lung function, respiratory, and peripheral muscle strength were measured. The lower limit of normal (LLN) cutoff points for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were calculated. A 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to assess functional capacity. Time Up and Go test (TUG) with a stadiometer was performed for balance evaluation. Quality of life was evaluated using Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: Percent predicted FVC and FEV1, 6MWT distance, change in oxygen saturation (SpO2) during 6MWT, were lower and NHP, SGRQ, FSS scores and TUG findings were higher in the COVID group than the control group (p < 0.05). The FVC of nine individuals and the FEV1 value of seven individuals in the COVID-19 group were below the LLN values. A moderate correlation was found between ICU length of stay and APACHE II scores with FVC, FEV1, 6MWT distance, and change in SpO2 values in the COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, and fatigue levels of the individuals with severe COVID-19 infection are impaired at 6 months after ICU discharge. Impaired lung function might be associated with severe inflammation, which starts during the acute infection process and the fibrous tissue during the healing process, impairing lung compliance and diffusion capacity. Infiltration of coronavirus and inflammatory cytokines into the cerebrum and muscle might have increased fatigue and decreased functional capacity. Overall, our study suggests that severe COVID patients need post-discharge care even after 6 months of recovery. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    The acute effects of physiotherapy on general movement patterns in preterm infants: A single-blind study
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2019) Kepenek-Varol, Busra; Tanriverdi, Muberra; Iscan, Akin; Alemdaroglu-Gurbuz, Ipek
    Background: The General Movement Assessment (GMA) is a video analysis method developed by Heinz Prechtl that examines the infant's spontaneous movements. In recent years, although many studies have been performed in preterm infants by applying GMA, few studies have shown the effects of early intervention on GMA. Aims: Current study was planned to determine the acute effects of a single-session early physiotherapy approach on preterm infants' general spontaneous movements, and to reveal the change in Motor Optimality Scale (MOS) score including FMs. Study design: Prospective, single-blind study. Subjects: Current study was carried out with 32 preterm infants at postterm 12-16 weeks. Outcome measures: The infants included in the study were videotaped by a physiotherapist during 10-15 min before the physiotherapy session at postterm 12-16 weeks for GMA. After a single physiotherapy session, the same physiotherapist performed the same video footage second time. A blind evaluator assessed the videos taken before and after session and scored Motor Optimality Scale (MOS). Results and conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference between MOS sub-category and total score of the infants before and after the session (p > 0.05). According to the results of present study, a single session early physiotherapy intervention did not have an acute effect on the spontaneous movements of preterm infants at postterm 12-16 weeks. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the short and long-term effects of early physiotherapy approaches to risky infants.