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    Improved Chernoff Bound of Gaussian Q-function with ABC algorithm and its QAM applications to DB SC and MRC systems over Beaulieu-Xie channels
    (Elsevier, 2023) Bilim, Mehmet; Karaboga, Dervis
    In this study, we propose an improved upper bound for the Gaussian Q function by using artificial bee colony algorithm. Then, we investigate the performance of the dual-branch (DB) selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) systems over the Beaulieu-Xie fading channels. The probabil-ity density functions of the instantaneous signal to noise ratio for the considered systems are obtained. Employing the proposed upper bound, we derive closed-form expressions of the error probability for the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) techniques such as rectangular QAM (RQAM), cross QAM (XQAM), and hexagonal QAM (HQAM). Furthermore, the asymptotic error probability expressions for the DB SC system are also obtained to simplify the analyses. The effects of some key parameters in the systems are shown in the results. Comparisons of the different modulation types and the different upper bound approaches for the Gaussian Q function are presented. Finally, it has been shown that the upper bound approximation presented in this study can be widely used for many communication applications.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.