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    Effects of whole-grain barley and oat ?-glucans on postprandial glycemia and appetite: a randomized controlled crossover trial
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2022) Caferoglu, Zeynep; Aytekin Sahin, Gizem; Gonulalan, Zafer; Hatipoglu, Nihal
    This study aimed to determine the postprandial effects of barley bread (BB) and oat bread (OB), grain sources of beta-glucans, on glycaemia and appetite by comparison with white bread (WB) and whole-wheat bread (WWB). This randomized controlled crossover trial included 20 healthy individuals (10 males and 10 females) who consumed WB, WWB, BB, and OB with a standard breakfast followed by an ad libitum lunch. Postprandial glucose and appetite responses were quantified as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Although the iAUC for glycaemic response was lower by 23.7%, 29.9%, and 27.9% after the consumption of BB, OB, and WWB compared with WB (p = 0.023), no differences were observed between BB, OB, and WWB (p > 0.05). BB had a lower iAUC for appetite sensation by 21.5%, 23.9%, and 55.7% compared with WB, WWB, and OB (p = 0.005). OB had no effect on appetite and was also less palatable than BB. Subsequent food intakes were similar after the consumption of all test breads (p > 0.05). The encouragement of healthier bread formulations that can beneficially modulate postprandial glycemia and appetite may contribute to the promotion of public health. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04749498.
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    Total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A levels, dietary exposure and cancer risk assessment in dried fruits in Türkiye
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Sahin, Gizem Aytekin; Aykemat, Yusuf; Yildiz, Aysegul Tugba; Dishan, Adalet; İnanç, Neriman; Gonulalan, Zafer
    This study aimed to measure total aflatoxin (AF) (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in dried fruit samples and to evaluate the potential dietary exposure and cancer risk to these mycotoxins in Kayseri/Turkiye. Dried fruit samples were collected between April-May 2021. A total of 11 dried grapes and apricot samples, 7 dried fig and plum samples were collected. Total aflatoxins and OTA in dried fruits were determined by ELISA method. Then, the margin of exposure (MOE) and cancer risk were calculated. Total AF was detected in dried fruit samples between 42.86%, and 100%. Between 18.18% and 57.14% of samples exceeded the European Commission (EC) limits for total AF. Moreover, OTA was detected in all samples. Between 71.43% and 100% of samples exceeded the EC limits for OTA. Cancer risk due to OTA exposure was higher than total AF and it was determined that OTA exposure could pose a risk for public health (MOE < 10,000). Although mycotoxin exposure seems to be low due to the low consumption of dried fruit in Turkiye, the risk of exposure and cancer may increase because of complying with the recommendations of the dietary guidelines. The findings provide new insights into exposure to total AF and OTA through the consumption of dried fruit.